PERL592DELTA(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERL592DELTA(1)NAME
perl592delta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
DESCRIPTION
This document describes differences between the 5.9.1 and the 5.9.2
development releases. See perl590delta and perl591delta for the
differences between 5.8.0 and 5.9.1.
Incompatible Changes
Packing and UTF-8 strings
The semantics of pack() and unpack() regarding UTF-8-encoded data has
been changed. Processing is now by default character per character
instead of byte per byte on the underlying encoding. Notably, code that
used things like "pack("a*", $string)" to see through the encoding of
string will now simply get back the original $string. Packed strings
can also get upgraded during processing when you store upgraded
characters. You can get the old behaviour by using "use bytes".
To be consistent with pack(), the "C0" in unpack() templates indicates
that the data is to be processed in character mode, i.e. character by
character; on the contrary, "U0" in unpack() indicates UTF-8 mode,
where the packed string is processed in its UTF-8-encoded Unicode form
on a byte by byte basis. This is reversed with regard to perl 5.8.X.
Moreover, "C0" and "U0" can also be used in pack() templates to specify
respectively character and byte modes.
"C0" and "U0" in the middle of a pack or unpack format now switch to
the specified encoding mode, honoring parens grouping. Previously,
parens were ignored.
Also, there is a new pack() character format, "W", which is intended to
replace the old "C". "C" is kept for unsigned chars coded as bytes in
the strings internal representation. "W" represents unsigned (logical)
character values, which can be greater than 255. It is therefore more
robust when dealing with potentially UTF-8-encoded data (as "C" will
wrap values outside the range 0..255, and not respect the string
encoding).
In practice, that means that pack formats are now encoding-neutral,
except "C".
For consistency, "A" in unpack() format now trims all Unicode
whitespace from the end of the string. Before perl 5.9.2, it used to
strip only the classical ASCII space characters.
Miscellaneous
The internal dump output has been improved, so that non-printable
characters such as newline and backspace are output in "\x" notation,
rather than octal.
The -C option can no longer be used on the "#!" line. It wasn't working
there anyway.
Core Enhancements
Malloc wrapping
Perl can now be built to detect attempts to assign pathologically large
chunks of memory. Previously such assignments would suffer from
integer wrap-around during size calculations causing a misallocation,
which would crash perl, and could theoretically be used for "stack
smashing" attacks. The wrapping defaults to enabled on platforms where
we know it works (most AIX configurations, BSDi, Darwin, DEC OSF/1,
FreeBSD, HP-UX, GNU Linux, OpenBSD, Solaris, VMS and most Win32
compilers) and defaults to disabled on other platforms.
Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5.9 has
been updated to 4.0.1 from 4.0.0.
suidperl less insecure
Paul Szabo has analysed and patched "suidperl" to remove existing known
insecurities. Currently there are no known holes in "suidperl", but
previous experience shows that we cannot be confident that these were
the last. You may no longer invoke the set uid perl directly, so to
preserve backwards compatibility with scripts that invoke
#!/usr/bin/suidperl the only set uid binary is now "sperl5.9."n
("sperl5.9.2" for this release). "suidperl" is installed as a hard link
to "perl"; both "suidperl" and "perl" will invoke "sperl5.9.2"
automatically the set uid binary, so this change should be completely
transparent.
For new projects the core perl team would strongly recommend that you
use dedicated, single purpose security tools such as "sudo" in
preference to "suidperl".
PERLIO_DEBUG
The "PERLIO_DEBUG" environment variable has no longer any effect for
setuid scripts and for scripts run with -T.
Moreover, with a thread-enabled perl, using "PERLIO_DEBUG" could lead
to an internal buffer overflow. This has been fixed.
Formats
In addition to bug fixes, "format"'s features have been enhanced. See
perlform.
Unicode Character Classes
Perl's regular expression engine now contains support for matching on
the intersection of two Unicode character classes. You can also now
refer to user-defined character classes from within other user defined
character classes.
Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
There are two new byte-order modifiers, ">" (big-endian) and "<"
(little-endian), that can be appended to most pack() and unpack()
template characters and groups to force a certain byte-order for that
type or group. See "pack" in perlfunc and perlpacktut for details.
Byte count feature in pack()
A new pack() template character, ".", returns the number of characters
read so far.
New variables
A new variable, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, controls what debug flags are in
effect for the regular expression engine when running under "use re
"debug"". See re for details.
A new variable ${^UTF8LOCALE} indicates where an UTF-8 locale was
detected by perl at startup.
Modules and Pragmata
New modules
· "encoding::warnings", by Audrey Tang, is a module to emit warnings
whenever an ASCII character string containing high-bit bytes is
implicitly converted into UTF-8.
· "Module::CoreList", by Richard Clamp, is a small handy module that
tells you what versions of core modules ship with any versions of
Perl 5. It comes with a command-line frontend, "corelist".
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
Dual-lived modules have been updated to be kept up-to-date with respect
to CPAN.
The dual-lived modules which contain an "_" in their version number are
actually ahead of the corresponding CPAN release.
B::Concise
"B::Concise" was significantly improved.
Socket
There is experimental support for Linux abstract Unix domain
sockets.
Sys::Syslog
"syslog()" can now use numeric constants for facility names and
priorities, in addition to strings.
threads
Detached threads are now also supported on Windows.
Utility Changes
· The "corelist" utility is now installed with perl (see "New
modules" above).
· "h2ph" and "h2xs" have been made a bit more robust with regard to
"modern" C code.
· Several bugs have been fixed in "find2perl", regarding "-exec" and
"-eval". Also the options "-path", "-ipath" and "-iname" have been
added.
· The Perl debugger can now save all debugger commands for sourcing
later; notably, it can now emulate stepping backwards, by
restarting and rerunning all bar the last command from a saved
command history.
It can also display the parent inheritance tree of a given class.
Perl has a new -dt command-line flag, which enables threads support
in the debugger.
Performance Enhancements
· Unicode case mappings ("/i", "lc", "uc", etc) are faster.
· "@a = sort @a" was optimized to do in-place sort. Likewise,
"reverse sort ..." is now optimized to sort in reverse, avoiding
the generation of a temporary intermediate list.
· Unnecessary assignments are optimised away in
my $s = undef;
my @a = ();
my %h = ();
· "map" in scalar context is now optimized.
· The regexp engine now implements the trie optimization : it's able
to factorize common prefixes and suffixes in regular expressions. A
new special variable, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, has been added to fine-
tune this optimization.
Installation and Configuration Improvements
Run-time customization of @INC can be enabled by passing the
"-Dusesitecustomize" flag to configure. When enabled, this will make
perl run $sitelibexp/sitecustomize.pl before anything else. This
script can then be set up to add additional entries to @INC.
There is alpha support for relocatable @INC entries.
Perl should build on Interix and on GNU/kFreeBSD.
Selected Bug Fixes
Most of those bugs were reported in the perl 5.8.x maintenance track.
Notably, quite a few utf8 bugs were fixed, and several memory leaks
were suppressed. The perl58Xdelta manpages have more details on them.
Development-only bug fixes include :
$Foo::_ was wrongly forced as $main::_.
New or Changed Diagnostics
A new warning, "!=~ should be !~", is emitted to prevent this
misspelling of the non-matching operator.
The warning Newline in left-justified string has been removed.
The error Too late for "-T" option has been reformulated to be more
descriptive.
There is a new compilation error, Illegal declaration of subroutine,
for an obscure case of syntax errors.
The diagnostic output of Carp has been changed slightly, to add a space
after the comma between arguments. This makes it much easier for tools
such as web browsers to wrap it, but might confuse any automatic tools
which perform detailed parsing of Carp output.
"perl -V" has several improvements, making it more useable from shell
scripts to get the value of configuration variables. See perlrun for
details.
Changed Internals
The perl core has been refactored and reorganised in several places.
In short, this release will not be binary compatible with any previous
perl release.
Known Problems
For threaded builds, ext/threads/shared/t/wait.t has been reported to
fail some tests on HP-UX 10.20.
Net::Ping might fail some tests on HP-UX 11.00 with the latest OS
upgrades.
t/io/dup.t, t/io/open.t and lib/ExtUtils/t/Constant.t fail some tests
on some BSD flavours.
Plans for the next release
The current plan for perl 5.9.3 is to add CPANPLUS as a core module.
More regular expression optimizations are also in the works.
It is planned to release a development version of perl more frequently,
i.e. each time something major changes.
Reporting Bugs
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles
recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug
database at http://bugs.perl.org/ . There may also be information at
http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug
program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a
tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output
of "perl -V", will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be analysed by
the Perl porting team.
SEE ALSO
The Changes file for exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
perl v5.10.1 2009-02-12 PERL592DELTA(1)
