DVIPS(1)DVIPS(1)NAMEdvips - convert a TeX dvi file to PostScript (PostScript is a trademark
of Adobe Systems, Inc.)
SYNOPSISdvips [ -c num ] [ -d num ] [ -f ] [ -h file ] [ -m ] [ -n num ] [ -o
file ] [ -p num ] [ -q ] [ -r ] [ -s str ] [ -t modename ] [ -C num ]
[ -D num ] [ -N ] [ -Z ] [ -? ] file[.dvi]
DESCRIPTIONdvips is a program that converts a dvi file file[.dvi] produced by TeX
and converts it to PostScript, and writes the result to file[.ps]. The
result requires a small amount of PostScript source to precede it,
before it can be successfully printed. By default, that PostScript
code is prepended to the output. If no file is specified in the
command line, the dvi file is read from the standard input stream. The
dvi file may be specified without the .dvi extension. If the MakeTeXPK
program is installed, dvips will automatically generate fonts that
don't already exit.
OPTIONS
The file[.dvi] argument is optional. Other arguments are:
-c num Generate num copies. Default is 1.
-d num Set the debug flag. Usually should not be used by normal users.
This will only work if dvips has been compiled with the DEBUG
option. See the file debug.h in the sources to see what the
values of num can be.
-f Run as a filter. Read the dvi file from standard input and
write the PostScript to standard output.
-h name
Use file name as an additional header file.
-m Sepcify manual feed for printer.
-n num num pages will be printed out. Default is 100000.
-o name
The output will be sent to file name. Default is file.ps. If
the first character of the file name is an exclamation mark,
then the remainder will be used as an argument to popen; thus,
specifying !lpr as the output file will automatically queue the
file.
-p num The first page printed will be the one numbered num. Default is
1.
-q Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.;
only report errors to stderr.
-r Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page one will be
printed first.
-t modename
This sets the mode to modename. Currently, the only modes
allowable are: letter, which selects letter size (image area of
8 by 10.92 inches on a 8.5 by 11 inch page), a4, which selects
a4 size, note, which selects note size (image area of 7.69 by
10.16 inches centered on a 8.5 by 11 inch page) paper; legal,
which selects legal size (image area of 6.72 by 13 inches
centered on a 8.5 by 14 inch page) paper; landscape, which
rotates a letter size (image area of 8 by 10.92 inches on a 8.5
by 11 inch page) document by ninety degrees. The default mode
is letter.
-C num Create num copies, but collated. Slower than the -c option, but
easier on the humans.
-D num Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.
-N Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some
systems that try to interpret the comments in weird ways.
-Z Enables the downloading of compressed fonts. Useful at high
resolutions.
-? Print out the banner identifying the program.
CONFIG FILE OPTIONS
The config file can be used to set many of the options to configure
dvips for a particular site. These will probably be set by the
installer so normal users can skip this section. The config file is
usually called config.ps in the prologue directory. If the initial
character is a space, an asterisk, a pound sign, or a semicolon, the
line is ignored. If the initial character, for example, is an "o", the
remainder of the line is considered to be the default file output name
(e.g. /dev/lpr). The options are:
D num Sets the resolution to num dots per inch (dpi).
m num num is the memory allocated to fonts in the printer. Default is
900000.
o name The default output file is set to name.
t path The path to search for the tfm files is path. The TEXFONTS
environment variable will override this.
p path The path to search for the font files is path. The TEXPKS
environment variable will override this.
r Default to reversing the pages.
q Run in quiet mode by default.
f Run as a filter by default.
h name Add name as a header file to be downloaded at the beginning.
PostScript Font Support
Most users need not concern themselves with installation instructions
in this section, but will need to read this if they want to use
PostScript fonts in TeX. This version of dvips also supports
PostScript fonts. You need tfm files for the fonts; the program
afm2tfm will create them as follows:
afm2tfm Times-Roman.afm Times-Roman.tfm
and the tfm's should be placed in the same directory as the other tfm's
(usually /usr/lib/tex/fonts/tfm). (The most common ones are in the tfm
directory.) You may also want to add a line to psfonts.map like the
following:
Times-Roman
to tell the PostScript driver that it has a PostScript font to play
with. (A sample list is in psfonts.map.) Also, the supplied texps.ps
file should be placed in the prologue directory. To use the font,
simply:
\font\myfont=Times-Roman % scaled, or at, or whatever.
\myfont
Hello, I am being typeset in Times-Roman.
Note that the font name must be specified in the correct case, with the
correct hyphens, both in the config file and in your TeX
document---otherwise things won't work. These fonts can be scaled to
any size. Go wild!
Note that even though the PostScript fonts are built into the printer,
using them takes up VM and takes time. You may find downloading the
computer modern fonts to be faster than using the built-in PostScript
fonts!
So, if you start running out of memory for your Linotronic jobs, you
might consider using PostScript fonts. Some people even think they
look better.
Note: Helvetica-Narrow style fonts won't work---these fonts are brain-
damaged somehow, in that the width entries in the `Metrics' dictionary
are scaled wrong.
\special OPTIONS
This dvi driver allows the inclusion of PostScript to be inserted in a
TeX file via TeX's \special command. The format of the \special
command is as follows:
\special{psfile="filename"}
\special{psfile="filename"[ key=value]*}
The first form will download the PostScript file called filename such
that the current point will be the origin of the PostScript co-ordinate
system. The second form is a generalization of the first in which you
are allowed to specify transformations on the PostScript in the file
filename. After the filename, you are allowed to enter, in any order,
key=value pairs separated by spaces. The possible keys are:
psfile The PostScript file to include
hoffset The horizontal offset
voffset The vertical offset
hsize The horizontal clipping size
vsize The vertical clipping size
hscale The horizontal scaling factor
vscale The vertical scaling factor
angle The rotation
The hoffset, voffset, hsize, and vsize are given in PostScript units
(1/72 of an inch). The hscale and vscale are given in non-dimensioned
percentage units, and the rotate value is specified in degrees
counterclockwise. Thus
\special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}
will shift the graphics produced by file foo.ps right by 1", and will
draw it at 0.9 normal size. Hsize and vsize are given relative to the
(0,0) point of the drawing and are unaffected by offsets and scales.
Offsets are given relative to the point of the \special command, and
are unaffected by scales.
If the file contains Encapsulated Post Script (EPS) commands, then it
is possible to use a simpler \special command that will automatically
reserve the required space.
To use, simply
\input epsf
\espffile{filename.ps}
A vbox of the appropriate size for the bounding box will be built. By
default, the graphic will have its `natural' width. If you wish to set
the graphic at a different width, simply set the dimension `\epsfxsize'
to something else, such as `\hsize', and all will be well. This vbox
can be centered with \centerline, or treated as any other vbox.
If the bounding box is not found, a bounding box of `72 0 540 324' is
assumed. If the PostScript file to be included is not EPSF, it is
recommended that the psfile special be used instead.
Literal specials include text in the TeX document literally into the
output PostScript file, and are intended for those whose favorite
graphics language is raw PostScript.
\special{" text}
includes text literally in the output PostScript document, after
positioning correctly, opening the special library, and reverting to
the PostScript convention of 72 units=1in. By positioning correctly,
what is meant is that the origin is translated to the current page
position.
\special{! text}
includes text literally in the prologue, putting definitions in the
special library; good for definitions you intend to use with the above
Note that such specials will always be included in the prologue,
independent of which pages are selected to print or what page such
specials might be found on. This allows correct printing of selected
pages, even when literal PostScript definitions are used.
The \special{landscape} command may be used to set the whole document
in landscape mode. For this to work correctly, this command must be
early enough in the document. Also see the -M option.
The \special{header= filename} command may be used to add filename as a
header file (i.e a file that will be downloaded before the start of
processing). This is usually used for Macintosh header files. Also
see the -h option.
FILES
These are usually system dependent, but look at:
the prologue dir /usr/lib/tex/ps
the tfm dir /usr/lib/tex/fonts/tfm
the font dir /usr/lib/tex/fonts/pk
SEE ALSOmf(1), tex(1), lpr(1)BUGS
Rejects any file with the string "IBM" in it. This is considered to be
a feature by some.
AUTHOR
Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@polya.stanford.edu>
16 July 1987 DVIPS(1)